Egypt

Egypt's economy grew in real terms and shrank in dollars. Real GDP expanded 4.4% in 2025, but US$ GDP fell 6.1% to US$365.3 billion, mostly exchange-rate and price effects rather than output. The country slipped 2 places to 44th, behind Czechia and ahead of Iran, and remains well below its 2022 peak of US$476.7 billion.

Services account for 47.3% of output, industry 32.1% and agriculture 16.6%, with manufacturing at 14.5%. Inflation was 14.1%, unemployment 6.8% and government gross debt 86.8% of GDP.

Prices change the picture of living standards. Output per person is US$3,086, 145th of 196, but on a purchasing-power basis it reaches $20,204 international dollars, 99th, a 46-place gap that reflects low local prices. With 118.4 million people, Egypt is the 5th largest of 22 economies in its region. The IMF projects GDP of US$612.8 billion by 2030, a rise of +68% that would lift it to 38th among economies with forecasts.