Germany

Germany held 3rd place in the global ranking, but its +7.8% gain in US$ GDP, to US$5.05 trillion, was mostly exchange-rate and price effects, not output: real growth was just +0.2%. The largest economy in Europe & Central Asia, it sits between China (2nd) and Japan (4th) and accounts for 4.27% of world GDP. Services make up 64.5% of output and industry 25.2%, with manufacturing alone at 17.6% and agriculture at 0.9%. Inflation stood at 2.2% and unemployment at 3.7%, while government gross debt reached 62.7% of GDP.

The scale stands out even by American yardsticks: Germany's economy is larger than any U.S. state, at 1.2 times California. GDP per capita came to US$60,496, 18th of 196. Germany also ranked 3rd in 2000, and its US$ GDP has grown 2.6 times since then, from US$1.97 trillion. The IMF projects US$6.15 trillion by 2030, a +22% rise that would keep it 3rd.