Japan

Japan's economy is smaller in dollar terms than it was at the turn of the century. GDP stood at US$5.04 trillion in 2000, peaked at US$6.33 trillion in 2012 and reached US$4.44 trillion in 2025, a multiple of 0.9x. Japan still ranks 4th of 196, unchanged from 2024, between Germany and the United Kingdom, down from 2nd in 2000. It remains the 2nd largest of 32 economies in East Asia & Pacific, about the size of California.

US$ GDP rose 5.9% in 2025 against real growth of +1.2%. Services account for 71.4% of output and industry 26.8%, with manufacturing at 18.8% and agriculture at 1.0%, all as of 2024. Inflation ran at 3.2% and unemployment at 2.5%, while government gross debt stands at 204.8% of GDP. Output per person is US$35,951, 39th worldwide. The IMF projects GDP of US$4.88 trillion by 2030, up 10%, a level that would rank 6th among economies with forecasts.